Theories

1) "The cultivation theory" (Gerbner), the idea that films don’t show what we want to see, but makes  us want to see what it wants through exposure of what they want multiple times.Plus tv is a medium of socialisation, so we get taught how to act through what we see.

2)The regulatory framework of contemporary media with a focus on PSB (Public Service Broadcasting.For an example The killing looks at gender stereotypes and women’s rights helps people become aware of these things through their show.

3)"Cultural Industries theory" from Hesmondhalgh is the idea that the cultural i industry includes vertical and horizontal integration. Vertical integration is when a business like a clothing shop also owns the manufacturing company that produces the wool for their business and horizontal integration is when the the shop promotes their business through tweets. Also synergy is the coming together of multiple elements.

4)Stuart Hall’s "Reception theory" is about encoding and decoding.Encoding is about how the creator of a product, show, play etc, etc wants you to react whilst decoding is about any other view point.Reviews of The Killing from The Times and The Guardian show  ending and decoding:

• The Times -"Probably the best crime drama in the world”.
• The Guardian - "Classy and Compelling”.

Taaha and Lewis Media Montage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oB1e3SwRrU&safe=true

Narrative Strand

A narrative strand is a story which focuses on a certain character. In a single narrative strand the story focuses only on a single hero or heroine in the story for instances like superman or Spiderman. A multiple narrative strand focuses on multiple characters for example X-men.

The different types of narrative structures in short stories:

• Linear narration - linear structures are the most common of the narrative structures.
• Flashbacks and streams of consciousness. Short stories written on nonlinear narrative structures are not concerned with chronological sequencing of events.

• Parallel and Framing Structures...
• Circular stories.

The Killing

Steve Neale - Genre is instances of repetition and differences.

• Female lead in film Noir and bleak view of humanity (female detective with with dull natural lighting look out of the window of her car with heavy rain outside - metaphor for a dull view of humanity)
• Sexualisation in film Noir but with the male gender instead (male sex doll at the start).

Todorov - The theory of equilibrium and distribution.

• The lead actress cancels her flight to catch the killer (her plan to start anew, in a new place with her son and boyfriend was disrupted the missing girl case she’s working on).
• The father of the girl that’s missing going to work happily but, then finding out his daughters missing (the pitch perfect life of the victim family is shown with the scene of her father and mother messing about which is further empathised by the orangish lighting in the background, which is mise en scene, however is thrown in disruption when the mother tells the father their precious daughter is missing).

Strauss - The theory of binary opposition

• We know everything about the detective but, nothing about the killer - The known vs The unknown.
• The detectives home life is great whereas the victims family is in disraught - Happiness vs sadness.

Knight - The prolonging of the inevitable

• The police trying to find out weather or not the heroine in the story is alive or not.
• The council man not confronting the mole in his part, his lover.

The killing

In the killing we see how "mise en scene" shows character through the use of costumes and lighting, an example of this is when the female lead is shown with normal, almost formal attire in dim lighting which shows how the she's serious about her job and is a women in power not a damsel in distress like in your typical film Noire, showing a clear following of Neale’s theory of genre.

Also the "editing" in the killing in the beginning is quite fast and uses a lot of jump cuts to show the intensity of the scene of the naked women being chased through the woods almost as if a rapid beating heart further increasing tension.Another thing about the editing in the beginning is that after the jump cuts in the chase they editors would jump to the opening credits and in the background you would see an indistinct image of something, these cuts would continue for a while until the image became more distinct and in the end it’s an image of a fingerprint.This reveal of the the print is slow almost as if to show that the story of the show will be like this, slow, but revealing at the same time.

Another thing to mention in the Killing is the "sound" especially with the chase of the women when she's running away from her purser, is that the sound is quite muffled and ragged adding an almost out breath feeling increasing the intensity of the scene, not only that, when we see her being able to catch her breath after hiding behind a tree the sound quiets down almost as if the calm before the storm(when she's caught) further increasing the suspense before the climax, which follows Knight’s theory of suspense.

Editing

Editing

Editing:The stage in the film making process in which sound and images are organised into an overall       narrative.

Continuity editing: combining more-or-less related shots, or different components cut from a single shot, into a sequence so as to direct the viewer's attention to a pre-existing consistency of story across both time and physical location.

Jump cut: an abrupt transition from one scene to another.

Credits: Info at beginning and ending of a film, which gives detail of cast and crew and etc.

Sound in Film

Foley sound - sound added in post production/after production.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UO3N_PRIgX0&safe=true


Diegetic sound - Natural sound e.g. voices, objects and doors slaming.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_4hOY-9nKA&safe=true


Non diegetic sound - Comes from outside the story e.g. narrators voice or voice over as well as sound effects added for dramatic effects(mood music).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_4hOY-9nKA&safe=true


Contrapuntal sound - soft music with a violent or harsh scene e.g. happy music with a slaughter happening in the background.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0EXHvbsnJ8&safe=true


Sound motif - Recurring music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4VE2SVxy38&safe=true


Synchronous sound - sound that is matched to certain movements occurring in the scene e.g when footsteps correspond to feet walking.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feznEKTyNTQ&safe=true


 Asynchronous sound -. Diegetic sound that is heard prior to the depiction of the action that produces it or that continues after that action is no longer onscreen. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzAoCsvvFBY&safe=true


sound effects - a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, film, or other broadcast production.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-uIfFgMPyw&safe=true


Sound bridge -  type of sound editing that occurs when sound carries over a visual transition in a film. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJZ-gPQ0ew8&safe=true


sonic flashback - describes the technique of using sound from earlier in the film during a later scene. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cq6Fg7x8MLc&safe=true

Mise en scene

Get out official Trailer 1 (2017) - Daniel Kaluuya Movie

Mise en scene:
At  0:07 we see a girl sitting on a sofa laid on a couch horizontally with her feet up over the end of it , whilst her head on the other end and holding a blond coloured, small dog. The couch is brown and in the background we see the apartment she shares with her boyfriend.

Props:

The dog, which is being held by the girl to show her humanity and compassion as she  treats it as her own, something she can trust allowing us to trust her.The couch being sat on is dull so are most are the other props such as the photos, these colors and props blend in the background, which can be done to invite us as the audience in to her home.

lessons

L10: When not to cut

when you edit it is consider lying and not cutting/editing scenes adds more truth to a scene but sometimes the most powerful thing you can do is lie (edit), when necessary. This however can also be said for telling the truth (not-editing) of a scene, it all depends on how you use it.

L1: Keep your ego in check

Remember it's not about your ego, but the final product. Great editing needs a map, not a person obsessed with cool editing tricks and choices they've made, whilst not looking at the whole picture.However, it is alright to just do what you believe is right in editing if it helps overall.

L2: Trust the process

Edit to your choice when best to show the director or others what matters, the final product not every random scene with dialogue.

L3: Bad to good ideas

Add a scene if you believe is necessary and don't shy away from the extra work given for it and if adding a scene isn't possible and you need to change stuff, try changing small stuff to make a big effect in the plot.Also do not refuse any extra work to make your final product better, take the challenge head on - so be willing to lay/understand preconceived notions and re-examine them in a new context.Finally it is critical to have an open mind - remember your collaborators and other people people because they have ideas too.

L4: Editing is editing

Editing is a process of revision because it is contextual as it relies on the scenes in front of it and even the ones after it - so do not cut scenes without without an understanding of order.Also you can't just use every scene so you you have to choose the ones you like the most.

L5: Organisation = editing

The goal is to organised the material and understand it a lot of the time.This could be done by knowing what needs to be ignored or by trying to compartmentalize and break down scenes into smaller chunks.

L6: Just edit

Play around with scenes you can make on maybe your phone and just try to edit that, then to get used to and familiarize with what your doing. This can help your brain to understand how story works with editing as well how scenes are constructed and what you need to do as an editor.

L7; Storytelling is a muscle

As a muscle it can be built upon, which is to say practice make perfect and muscle don't just happen in a day. Joke telling is a form of story telling and it's the shortest version of it. It misdirects you then the punchline snaps you back into a different direction.You need to edit things and understand how your editorial decisions effect the story.Editing is your storytelling.

L8: Beware of reactions

You don't have to use reaction shots all the time and instead use them at specific moment to create a more powerful effect.Reactions create strong impressions on the audience and it can even effect weather you want certain scenes or lines with them as you may want a way to more informally(emotionally) or informally(informative/no reaction shot) to connect with the audience.

Taaha

                    Camera Shots

Ariel shot – Taken from an overhead position.

Close up - A head and shoulder shot often used to show emotions.

Extreme close up – Part of a face or body of a character fills the whole frame.

Establishing shot –  Shot that establishes the scene.

Medium shot – Framing of subject from waist up

Two shot – Two people in shot, to signify relationship between two people.

 P.O.V – Shot from a person point of view.

 Over the shoulder shot – shot from over the shoulder.

Over the shoulder shot – Camera positioned above the head of the subject.

Reaction shot – Shows reaction of a character.       

Camera angles

High angles – Camera angle that looks down upon subject or object, used to make subject or object appear weak/vulnerable.

Low angle – Camera angle that looks up at a subject or object, used to make subject or object appear strong/dominant.

Canted framing/Dutch angle – Camera angle that is tilted or skewed.

Camera movements

https://youtu.be/0P5nPMXtz6w  Pan – Camera pivots horizontally from either left or right to reveal setting or a set, sometimes used to establish a scene.

https://youtu.be/OJEEVtqXdK8 Track - Shot that follows the subject or object, this can include smooth movement forwards, backwards, alongside of subject or on a curve but, not any complex movement around the subject.

https://youtu.be/IGPjj43OTPs Crane - Sometimes used to signify end of a scene/film and the effect is achieved by placing a camera on a crane that can move upwards.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnYJve0-3p8&safe=true Steadicam – is a stabilising mount for a camera which helps stops the shaking of the cameraman’s movement from the camera, allowing for a more smooth shot even when the cameraman is moving quickly over an uneven surface.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jYXX48Oz7s&safe=true Tilt – camera scans set or setting vertically.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIlPrM3EU4Q&safe=true Zoom – using camera lens to appear to be moving closer and further away, so zooming in and out to an object or subject. Also can be used for dramatic effect.

H/W

                    Camera Shots

Ariel shot – Taken from an overhead position.

Close up - A head and shoulder shot often used to show emotions.

Extreme close up – Part of a face or body of a character fills the whole frame.

Establishing shot –  Shot that establishes the scene.

Medium shot – Framing of subject from waist up

Two shot – Two people in shot, to signify relationship between two people.

 P.O.V – Shot from a person point of view.

 Over the shoulder shot – shot from over the shoulder.

Over the shoulder shot – Camera positioned above the head of the subject.

Reaction shot – Shows reaction of a character.       

Camera angles

High angles – Camera angle that looks down upon subject or object, used to make subject or object appear weak/vulnerable.

Low angle – Camera angle that looks up at a subject or object, used to make subject or object appear strong/dominant.

Canted framing/Dutch angle – Camera angle that is tilted or skewed.

Camera movements

https://youtu.be/0P5nPMXtz6w  Pan – Camera pivots horizontally from either left or right to reveal setting or a set, sometimes used to establish a scene.

https://youtu.be/OJEEVtqXdK8 Track - Shot that follows the subject or object, this can include smooth movement forwards, backwards, alongside of subject or on a curve but, not any complex movement around the subject.

https://youtu.be/IGPjj43OTPs Crane - Sometimes used to signify end of a scene/film and the effect is achieved by placing a camera on a crane that can move upwards.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnYJve0-3p8&safe=true Steadicam – is a stabilising mount for a camera which helps stops the shaking of the cameraman’s movement from the camera, allowing for a more smooth shot even when the cameraman is moving quickly over an uneven surface.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jYXX48Oz7s&safe=true Tilt – camera scans set or setting vertically.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIlPrM3EU4Q&safe=true Zoom – using camera lens to appear to be moving closer and further away, so zooming in and out to an object or subject. Also can be used for dramatic effect.